Software engineering
Software developers are on the official demand lists of eight of our nine countries. Count cybersecurity and other ICT roles, and it is all nine.
How AI changes this work
Software developers are among the fastest-growing jobs worldwide, but employment of developers aged 22–25 has fallen nearly 20% since 2024 as AI writes routine code. Employers now expect juniors to design systems, review AI output and understand the product.
The jobs stay, but the tasks change a lot. Graduates who use AI well and bring human judgement win.
Skills to master
- System design and architecture
- Using and reviewing AI coding tools
- Testing and secure coding
- Cloud platforms
- Product thinking
- Explaining technical choices clearly
Courses to look for
Jobs it leads to
Where software engineering graduates are needed
- United Kingdom
Skills England projects 87,000 more software developer jobs from 2025 to 2030, the second-largest rise of any occupation.
- New Zealand
Software engineers are on Tier 1 of the Green List (straight to residence).
- Finland
Software-sector roles are named as a shortage area in the autumn 2026 Labour Barometer.
- Sweden
Software and system developers are rated a shortage occupation, with demand rising (Arbetsförmedlingen 2026).
- Malaysia
Software developers have been on every Critical Occupations List since 2015.
- Lithuania
Software engineers, developers and testers are on the high value-added shortage list.
- Japan
METI has projected an IT talent shortage of up to about 790,000 people by 2030.
- South Korea
Software is the largest shortage in Korea’s 2025 industrial technology workforce survey: 6,561 people.
Not on the current lists in Canada.
Sources: WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025, Stanford AI Index 2026, Skills England: priority skills to 2030. Country notes come from each government’s own list; see each destination page for links.
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